Republic Day Celebration

History of Celebrating Republic Day

India got freedom from Brits Rule on fifteenth of August within the year 1947. At that point, there was no any permanent constitution of the country. First time, the primary draft of the Indian Constitution was conferred by the drafting committee to the national assembly on fourth of Nov within the year 1947. the primary draft of the Indian Constitution was signed by the national assembly in each version, country and also the Hindi on twenty fourth of Gregorian calendar month within the year 1950. Then the Constitution of Asian country came into result on the Republic Day means that twenty sixth of Gregorian calendar month in 1950. From then, the twenty sixth of Gregorian calendar month was started celebrating because the Republic Day in Asian country. At at the moment, Asian country was declared because the Purna Swaraj Country so it had been started celebrating each year because the day of the Purna Swaraj Day.
The Constitution of Asian country brought the ability to the Indian voters to pick their own government. The oath was taken by the Dr. Rajendra Prasad as a primary president of the Asian country at room Hall within the Government House. Asian country has huge history behind celebrating the Republic day.
Importance of Celebrating twenty six Gregorian calendar month. Republic Day is that the image of true spirit for the freelance Asian country wherever military parades, exhibiting military equipments, salute to the allegory by the Indian president and kind of events square measure happen at at the moment. Indian allegory has horizontally tricolor (upper saffron, middle white and bottom of dark inexperienced color divided within the equal proportion) and a wheel (navy blue color, having twenty four spokes) within the centre representing the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. India may be a country having individuals of various cultures, societies, religions and languages WHO interaction with one another harmoniously. Independence to the Asian country is that the nice pride because it was obtained over years when facing a range of obstacles and hurdles.
The day is well known each year to feel the Indian individuals terribly proud for living within the multi cultural and freelance country. Republic Day is well known in terribly vibrant and exhilarating ways in which so as to create unforgettable and vital celebration of the year. anthem is sing by the individuals participated within the celebration. This celebration brings all the Indian individuals along at one place and thinks at one topic.

Republic Day (26 January) Parade

This is the important image of the Republic Day parade at the Rajpath by the President’s Body Guards, starting from the President’s house, wore the winter ceremonial dress. The Bodyguard of the President of the Asian country becomes a specially designated Indian Army from cavalry regiment, based mostly within the Rashtrapati Bhawan, Indian capital and a senior most unit of the Indian Army. The Bodyguards of the Asian countryn President becomes totally to blame for guiding and protective the President of India. They become totally equipped with equipments, BTR-60 vehicles to use in any combat and ride horses.

Agni Missile at Republic Day Parade

This is the exposure of Republic Day parade by displaying Associate in Nursing Agni-ll missile at the Rajpath. Agni-II may be a nice Indian missile of Associate in Nursing intermediate-range having target capability of around three,500 kilometre to five,000 kilometre deep to the neighboring countries. it's been developed as a most refined Indian missile of its vary having the circular error probable inside forty meters of vary. After it, the Agni-lll missile of Asian country has conjointly been developed as its successor within the month of June in 2011.

Decoration at Republic Day Parade

This is Associate in Nursing excellently adorned image of the Lion Capital at the Rajpath on the occasion of celebrating the Republic Day of Asian country. simply before of the Lion Capital there's created the map of Asian country adorned with the yellow flower. within the middle of map there's created Associate in Nursing Indian Flag of tricolor. Below the map of Asian country there's created 3 circles of the flower underneath a giant circle. however wonderful look has this adorned Lion Capital.

Republic Day Parade by BSF

This is the snap of the Republic Day parade by the exclusive BSF even-toed ungulate Contingent of Asian country at the Rajpath. BSF of the {india|India|Republic of Asian country|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} become the Border personnel of the govt of India, underneath the executive management of Ministry of Home Affairs of Asian country, that is to blame for the guarding the international Indian borders. BSF becomes one among the specially designated Central Armed Police Forces that was established on first of Dec in 1965 to protect the international borders of Asian country so as to take care of the peace yet on forestall the trans border crimes. Indian BSF has the strength of around 240,000 personnel (both, men and women) divided in 186 battalions. Indian BSF is that the largest border guarding forces everywhere the planet. the primary Director General of the Indian BSF was the K. F. Rustomji WHO had supported the BSF in Asian country and called the “Founding Father of the Indian BSF”.

Republic Day Parade of Indian Army Madras Regiment

This is an incredible shot of the Republic Day parade by the Indian Army Madras Regiment at the Rajpath. The Madras Regiment of {india|India|Republic of Asian country|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} is taken into account because the oldest regiment of the military fashioned in India throughout decennary (Madras city was supported within the year 1639). it's become Associate in Nursing recent Indian regiment went through the assorted campaigns of Brits Indian Army Associate in Nursingd ceaselessly as an Indian Army. Earlier throughout 1660s, it had been developed as Madras European Regiment by the archipelago Company however; later throughout decennary, it had been developed as a battalion by the foremost Stringer Lawrence. when independence, the Madras Regiment was fashioned that has get entangled in varied campaigns like humanitarian aid operations and UN peacekeeping missions.

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Subhash Chandra Bose Birthday

Subhash Chandra Bose Birthday

Subhas Chandra Bose|Satyendra Nath Bose is known everywhere the India as Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. He was a far-famed revolutionary figure of the Republic of India country United Nations agency had contributed lots within the freedom of India. He took birth in a very wealthy Hindu family of Cuttack in state on twenty third of January in 1897. His father name was Janakinath Bose, a Government professional within the Cuttack District Court and mother was Prabhabati Devi. He got his early education from Anglo-Indian college in Cuttack and graduation in Philosophy from Scottish Church faculty, University of city. He was a really brave and impressive Indian young man United Nations agency with success passed I.C.S. Examination instead he joined Non-co-operation Movement once obtaining influenced by Desabandhu Chittaranjan Das for his motherland’s freedom. He unendingly fought following violence movement against country rule for independence people. He left Congress even once being a president of Congress in 1939 owing to some political variations with the Gandhi. in the future he created his own Indian National powerful party referred to as Azad Hind Fauj as he believed that non-violence policy of Gandhiji wasn't capable enough to form India associate freelance country. He finally ready a giant and powerful Azad Hind Fauj to fight with country rule. He visited Germany and based Indian National Army with the assistance of some Indian Prisoners of war and Indian residents there. once many disappointment by the potentate he visited Japan and gave a far-famed locution of “Delhi Chalo” (means March to Delhi) to his Indian National Army wherever a violent fight materialized between Azad Hind Fauj and Anglo-Army Forces. sadly, they forced to be given together with Netaji. Soon, Netaji left for national capital within the plane but plane got crash at interior of Taiwan. it absolutely was reportable that Netaji killed in this plane accident. The sporting works of Netaji continues to be evokes lots of Indian youths to try and do one thing for country. The birthday of Netaji Subhas Chandra Satyendra N. Bose is widely known on twenty third of Jan at Mon. it might be celebrated because the one hundred and twentieth birthday day of the Netaji Subhas Chandra Satyendra N. Bose.

Subhash Chandra Bose Birthday

Subhash Chandra nuclear physicist birthday day is widely known each year with the nice honor by the individuals together with government and non government organizations. As he was one in every of the foremost renowned Indian leaders throughout the independence movement, he has become an excellent legendary figure within the history of Asian country. It has been demanded by the Netaji’s followers to celebrate his birthday day as a “Desh Prem Divas” so as to re-memorize his nice sacrifice towards the country. Biography of Subhash Chandra nuclear physicist. Subhash Chandra nuclear physicist was an excellent Indian nationalist and renowned by the title Netaji, born on twenty third of Gregorian calendar month within the year 1897 within the Cuttack, Orissa Division of Bengal Province. once he was simply forty eight, he got died on eighteenth of August within the year 1945. His mother name was Mrs. Prabhavati Hindu deity and father name was adult male. Janakinath nuclear physicist. His father was associate advocate. He was the ninth kid of his folks among fourteen siblings.Between Twenties and Thirties, he was a front runner of the Indian National Congress and have become the Congress President from 1938-1939. Later he was expelled from the Congress within the year 1939 and sited below the confinement by the British. Then he visited the Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan for obtaining help for the independence of Asian country by British rule. He became winning in organizing associate Indian National Army by the support of the japanese. He died owing to the interrogatory burn once he tried to flee within the burdened plane of Japanese that got crashed within the Taiwan.

 His Political Career
 He hand-picked because the All India Youth Congress President yet as geographic region State Congress Secretary. He conjointly became the Forward editor and worked as a chief operating officer of the Municipal Corporation of city. Once he got T.B. once he was inactive. In the year 1927, he was assigned  as a general secretary of Congress party once he free from the jail. For the independence of the India, he had worked with the platinum. Jawaharlal Nehru. within the case of direct action he another time inactive and visited the jail.
All India Forward alignment
 He had planned the Forward alignment on twenty second of June within the year 1939 to consolidate with the left political career. Muthuramalingam Thevar was his huge political supporter UN agency had organized a large rally throughout Subhash Chandra Bose’s visit to the Madurai on sixth of Sept. From 1941 to 1943, he had lived within the Berlin. He crystal rectifier the Azad Hind Fauj through his eminent quotation like “Give Pine Tree State blood, and that i shall provide you with freedom!”. In his speech on sixth of July within the year 1944, he aforesaid Mahatma Gandhi the “Father of the Nation” that was broadcasted by the Singapore Azad Hind Radio. His different famed quote was “Dilli Chalo” to encourage the INA armies. “Jai Hind”, “Glory to India!” was an extra shibboleth usually employed by him that was later accepted by the Indian Government and Indian military. Japanese Prime Minister (Shinzo Abe) on his visit to the Subhash Chandra Bose’s memorial hall within the city on twenty third of August in 2007 aforesaid that, Japanese area unit extraordinarily driven by the robust can of the nuclear physicist so as to guide the independence movement in India from British rule. he's a good temperament and cherished name within the Japan.

Quotes of Subhash Chandra nuclear physicist

• “Freedom isn't given, it's taken”.
• “One individual might die for AN idea; however that concept can, when his death, incarnate itself in a very thousand lives. that's however the wheel of evolution moves on and also the concepts and dreams of 1 nation area unit bequeathed to the next”.
• “You provide Pine Tree State your blood and that i can provide you with Independence!”.

 

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SUPER 30

Super thirty is associate degree Indian programme that started in Patna, Bihar, India beneath the banner of 'Ramanujan college of Mathematics', by Anand Kumar. Established in 2002, the program selects thirty meritable and gifted candidates annually from economically backward sections of society and trains them for the IIT-JEE, the doorway examination for Indian Institute of Technology. Time Magazine has elect man of science Anand Kumar's college - Super thirty - within the list of better of Asia 2010.,  Super thirty received praise from u.  s. President Barack Obama's special envoy Rashad Hussain, World Health Organization termed it the “best” institute within the country.  Newsweek Magazine has taken note of the initiative of man of science Anand Kumar’s Super thirty and enclosed his college within the list of 4 most innovative faculties within the world.  Anand Kumar has been awarded the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Shiksha Puraskar, the very best award by the govt. of state in Gregorian calendar month 2010.

In 2002, Anand Kumar came up with the thought of Super thirty, wherein, he would choose thirty proficient students from economically impoverished sections World Health Organization couldn't afford IIT coaching job, through word of mouth and hone their skills and prepare them to crack the IIT-JEE. Anand Kumar's Mother, Jayanti Hindu deity, volunteered to cook for the scholars whereas Anand taught them, and additionally provided study materials and lodging for a year. In the 1st year of the coaching job, eighteen of the thirty students created it to IIT. the subsequent year saw several applications from students for the second batch of Super thirty, a written communication was conducted and thirty students were chosen. within the year 2004, twenty two out of thirty students qualified for IIT JEE and Super thirty got even a lot of applications from hopefuls. This was followed by a cutthroat attack on Anand in Nov that he at large and a few a lot of tries to abort the Super thirty Center. The authorities additionally provided security to him following the attacks and from the 2005 batch, twenty six out of thirty students created it to IIT. throughout 2006, IIT modified the examination pattern despite that then twenty eight out of the Super thirty students had cleared the IIT JEE, in appreciation of their efforts, Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar felicitated the scholars with a money prize of Rupees fifty,000 each. the subsequent year twenty eight a lot of students achieved the IIT dream and at last in 2008, all of the Super thirty cleared the IIT JEE. Anand's former students additionally joined as lecturers for the Super thirty and within the year 2009, all thirty students once more managed to clear the IIT JEE.

Anand Kumar  is AN Indian scientist and a journalist for numerous national and international mathematical journals and magazines. he's best noted for his Super thirty programme, that he started in Patna, province in 2002, and that coaches economically backward students for IIT-JEE, the doorway examination for the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs). By 2015, 333 out of the 390 had created it to IITs and Discovery Channel showcased his add a documentary.

He has been invited by the celebrated Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and university to talk on his globally acclaimed effort to mentor students from the deprived sections for admission to IIT.

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TAJ MAHAL

TAJ MAHAL

The Taj Mahal  is AN ivory-white marble sepulture on the south bank of the Yamuna watercourse within the Indian town of urban center. it had been commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned 1628–1658), to accommodate the grave of his favorite woman, Mumtaz Mahal. The grave is that the centrepiece of a 42-acre complicated, which has a house of God and a guest house, and is ready in formal gardens finite on 3 sides by a crenellated wall.

Construction of the sepulture was primarily completed in 1643 however work continuing on different phases of the project for one more ten years. The Taj Mahal complicated is believed to own been completed in its entireness in 1653 at a value calculable at the time to be around thirty two million rupees, that in 2015 would be roughly fifty two.8 billion rupees (US$827 million). the development project utilized some twenty,000 artisans beneath the steering of a board of creators LED by the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.

The Taj Mahal was selected as a UN agency World Heritage web site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim art in Bharat and one in every of the universally loved masterpieces of the world's heritage". delineate by Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore as "the tear-drop on the cheek of time", it's regarded by several because the best example of Mughal design and a logo of India's wealthy history. The Taj Mahal attracts 7–8 million guests a year. In 2007, it had been declared a winner of the New7Wonders of the planet (2000–2007) initiative.

The spot is that the central focus of the whole complicated of the mausoleum. it's an oversized, white marble structure standing on a sq. footstall ANd consists of a symmetrical building with an iwan (an arch-shaped doorway) flat-topped by an oversized dome and ornament. Like most Mughal tombs, the fundamental components area unit Persian in origin.

The base structure may be a massive multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners forming AN unequal eight-sided structure that's roughly fifty five metres (180 ft) on every of the four long sides. facet|all sides|both sides|either side} of the iwan is framed with a large pishtaq or rounded entrance with 2 equally formed arched balconies stacked on either side. This motif of stacked pishtaqs is replicated on the chamfered corner areas, creating the look fully symmetrical on all sides of the building. Four minarets frame the spot, one at every corner of the footstall facing the chamfered corners. the most chamber homes the false sarcophagi of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah of Iran Jahan; the particular graves area unit at a lower level.

The interior chamber of the Taj Mahal reaches so much on the far side ancient ornamental parts. The inlay work isn't pietra meninx, however a lapidary of precious and valuable gemstones. The inner chamber is associate polygon with the planning letting entry from every face, though solely the door facing the garden to the south is employed. the inside walls square measure concerning twenty five metres (82 ft) high and square measure topped  by a "false" interior dome embellished with a sun motif. Eight pishtaq arches outline the house at ground level and, like the outside, every lower pishtaq is topped by a second pishtaq concerning midway up the wall. The four central higher arches type balconies or viewing areas, and every balcony's exterior window has associate convoluted screen or jali cut from marble. additionally to the sunshine from the balcony screens, light-weight enters through roof openings lined by chattris at the corners. The polygon marble screen or jali bordering the cenotaphs is created from eight marble panels inscribed through with convoluted pierce work. The remaining surfaces square measure decorated in delicate detail with semi-precious stones forming twining vines, fruits and flowers. every chamber wall is extremely embellished with dado bas-relief, convoluted lapidary inlay and refined handwriting panels that mirror, in miniature detail, the planning parts seen throughout the outside of the advanced.

The Taj Mahal complicated is deckle-edged on 3 facets by crenellated red arenaceous rock walls; the side facing the stream is open. Outside the walls ar many extra mausoleums, as well as those of Shah of Iran Jahan's alternative wives, and a bigger spot for Mumtaz's favorite servant.

The main entrance (darwaza) could be a monumental structure engineered primarily of marble, and paying homage to the Mughal design of earlier emperors. Its archways mirror the form of the tomb's archways, and its pishtaq arches incorporate the script that decorates the spot. The domed ceilings and walls have elaborate geometric styles like those found within the alternative arenaceous rock buildings within the complicated.

At the way finish of the complicated ar 2 grand red arenaceous rock buildings that mirror one another, and face the perimeters of the spot. The backs of the buildings parallel the western and jap walls. The western building could be a musjid and therefore the alternative is that the jawab (answer), thought to own been made for beaux arts balance though it's going to are used as a house. Distinctions between the 2 buildings embody the jawab's lack of a mihrab (a niche during a mosque's wall facing Mecca), and its floors of geometric style whereas the ground of the musjid is arranged  with outlines of 569 prayer rugs in black marble. The mosque's basic style of an extended hall head by 3 domes is analogous to others engineered by Emperor, significantly the Masjid-i Jahān-Numā, or Jama mosque, Delhi. The Mughal mosques of this era divide the sanctuary hall into 3 areas comprising a main sanctuary and slightly smaller sanctuaries on either facet. At the Taj Mahal, every sanctuary opens onto AN expansive vaulting dome. The far buildings were completed in 1643.

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Ashoka THE GREAT

ASHOKA THE GREAT

Ashoka  was an Indian emperor of the Maurya kinsfolk United Nations agency dominated nearly all of the Indian landmass from c. 268 to 232 BCE. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over a realm that stretched from the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan to the fashionable state of Bangla Desh within the east. It covered the entire Indian landmass except elements of contemporary Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The empire's capital was Pataliputra (in Magadha, present-day Bihar), with provincial capitals at Taxila and Ujjain.

In about 260 BCE, Ashoka waged a bitterly destructive war against the state of Kalinga (modern Odisha).  He conquered Kalinga, which none of his ancestors had done.  He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the mass deaths of the Kalinga War, which he himself had waged out of a need for conquest. "Ashoka reflected on the war in Kalinga, which reportedly had resulted in additional than one hundred,000 deaths and 150,000 deportations, ending at around 200,000 deaths."  Ashoka converted step by step to Buddhism starting concerning 263 BCE.  He was later dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism across Asia, and established monuments marking several important sites in the lifetime of Buddha. "Ashoka regarded Buddhism as a doctrine that might function a cultural foundation for political unity." Ashoka is now remembered as a philanthropic administrator. In the Kalinga edicts, he addresses his people as his "children", and mentions that as a father he desires their sensible. Ashoka's name "Aśoka" means "painless, without sorrow" in Indo-Aryan (the a privativum and "pain, distress"). In his edicts, he is spoken as Devānāmpriya ( "The Beloved of the Gods"), and Priyadarśin ( "He who regards everybody with affection"). His fondness for his name's connection to the Saraca asoca tree, or the "Ashoka tree" is also documented within the Ashokavadana.

H.G. Wells wrote of Ashoka in his book The Outline of History: "Amidst the tens of thousands of names of monarchs that crowd the columns of history, their majesties and graciousnesses and serenities and royal highnesses and the like, the name of Ashoka shines, and shines, almost alone, a star." Along with the Edicts of Ashoka, his legend is related within the 2nd-century metal Ashokavadana ("Narrative of Ashoka", a part of Divyavadana), and in the Sri Lankan text Mahavamsa ("Great Chronicle"). The emblem of the fashionable Republic of India is Associate in Nursing adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka.

While the early a part of Ashoka's reign was apparently quite bloody-minded, he became a follower of the Buddha's teachings after his conquest of Kalinga on the geographical area of Republic of India within the current states of Odisha and North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. Kalinga was a state that prided itself on its sovereignty and democracy. With its monarchical parliamentary democracy it had been quite exception in ancient Bharata where there existed the conception of Rajdharma. Rajdharma means the duty of the rulers, which was per se entwined with the conception of bravery and Hindu deity. The Kalinga War happened eight years after his enthronisation. From his 13th inscription, we come back to apprehend that the battle was a colossal one and caused the deaths of over one hundred,000 soldiers and several civilians UN agency rose up in defence; over one hundred fifty,000 were deported.[20] When he was walking through the grounds of Kalinga once his conquest, rejoicing in his victory, he was moved by the range of bodies strewn there and therefore the wails of the grieving.

Buddhist conversion

A similar four "Indian lion" Lion Capital of Ashoka atop an intact Ashoka Pillar at Wat U Mong close to Chiang Mai, Thailand showing another larger Hindu deity Chakra / Ashoka Chakra atop the four lions. Edict 13 on the Edicts of Ashoka Rock Inscriptions replicate the nice ruefulness the king felt once observant the destruction of Kalinga:

His Majesty feels ruefulness on account of the conquest of Kalinga as a result of, during the subjugation of a antecedently undefeated country, slaughter, death, and taking away captive of the people essentially occur, whereat His magnificence feels profound sorrow and regret. The edict goes on to address the even greater degree of sorrow and regret ensuing from Ashoka's understanding that the chums and families of deceased would suffer greatly too. Legend says that one day after the war was over, Ashoka ventured out to roam town and every one he may see were burnt homes and scattered corpses. This sight made him sick and he cried the notable monologue:

    "What have I done? If this is a victory, what's a defeat then? is that this a triumph or a defeat? Is this justice or injustice? Is it gallantry or a rout? Is it courageousness to kill innocent youngsters and women? Did I have it off to widen the empire and for prosperity or to destroy the other's kingdom and splendor? One has lost her husband, someone else a father, someone a kid, someone Associate in Nursing unhatched child.... What's this junk of the corpses? ar these marks of triumph or defeat? ar these vultures, crows, eagles the messengers of death or evil?"

The lethal war with Kalinga reworked the revengeful Emperor Ashoka to a stable and peaceful emperor and he became a patron of Buddhism. Whether or not he regenerate to Buddhism is unclear though Buddhist tradition says he did. According to the prominent Indologist, A. L. Basham, Ashoka's personal religion became Buddhism, if not before, then certainly once the Kalinga war. However, according to Basham, the Dharma formally propagated by Ashoka was not Buddhism in the slightest degree.  Romila Thapar notes that modern day historians question his conversion into Buddhism, in the aftermath of the Kalinga war. She argues that Ashoka curiously refrained from engraving his confession anywhere. Nevertheless, his patronage led to the enlargement of Buddhism in the Mauryan empire and alternative kingdoms throughout his rule, and worldwide from about 250 BCE.[26] Prominent in this cause were his son Mahinda (Mahendra) and girl Sanghamitra (whose name means that "friend of the Sangha"), who established Buddhism in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).  Ashokan Pillar at Vaishali. Archaeological proof for Buddhism between the death of the Buddha and therefore the time of Ashoka is scarce; once the time of Ashoka it's thick.  Ashoka was born to the Mauryan emperor, Bindusara and a relatively lower hierarchal married woman of his, Dharma . He was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Mauryan dynasty. The Avadana texts mention that his mother was queen Subhadrangi. According to the Ashokavadana, she was the daughter of a Brahmin from the town of Champa.  Though a palace intrigue unbroken her away from the emperor, this eventually ended, and she bore a son. It is from her exclamation "I am now while not sorrow", that Ashoka got his name. The Divyavadana tells a similar story, but offers the name of the queen . Ashoka had several elder siblings, all of whom were his half-brothers from the other wives of Bindusara. His fighting qualities were apparent from an early age and he was given royal military coaching. He was known as a alarming hunter, and according to a legend, killed a lion with just a wood rod. Because of his name as a daunting person and a heartless general, he was sent to curb the riots in the Avanti province of the Mauryan empire.

Rise to power

Approximate extent of Maurya empire under Ashoka. The empire stretched from Afghanistan to geographic region to southern Asian country. The Buddhist text Divyavadana describes Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. This may are an occurrence in Bindusara's times. Taranatha's account states that Acharya Chanakya, Bindusara's chief advisor, destroyed the nobles and kings of 16 cities and created himself the master of all territory between the japanese and the western seas. Some historians take into account this as associate indication of Bindusara's conquest of the Deccan whereas others consider it as suppression of a revolt. Following this, Ashoka was stationed at Ujjayini as governor.

Bindusara's death in 272 BCE led to a war over succession. According to the Divyavadana, Bindusara wanted his son Susima to succeed him however Ashoka was supported by his father's ministers, who found Susima to be chesty and disrespectful towards them.  A minister named Radhagupta seems to have contend a vital role in Ashoka's rise to the throne. The Ashokavadana recounts Radhagupta's offering of associate previous royal elephant to Ashoka for him to ride to the Garden of the Gold marquee wherever King Bindusara would verify his successor. Ashoka later got rid of the legitimate heir to the throne by tricking him into coming into a pit stuffed with live coals. Radhagupta, according to the Ashokavadana, would later be appointed prime minister by Ashoka once he had gained the throne. The Dipavansa and Mahavansa refer to Ashoka's killing 99 of his brothers, sparing solely one, named Vitashoka or Tissa,  although there is no clear proof regarding this incident (many such accounts square measure saturated with mythological elements). The coronation happened in 269 BCE, four years after his succession to the throne. The painting by Abanindranath Tagore (1871–1951) depicting Ashoka's queen standing in front of the railings of the Buddhist monument at Sanchi .

Buddhist legends state that Ashoka was bad-tempered and of a wicked nature. He built Ashoka's Hell, an elaborate torture chamber delineated  as a "Paradisal Hell" because of the distinction between its stunning exterior and therefore the acts administrated at intervals by his appointed public executioner, Girikaa.  This earned him the name of Chanda Ashoka (Caṇḍa Aśoka) which means "Ashoka the Fierce" in Sanskritic language. Professor Charles Drekmeier cautions that the Buddhist legends tend to dramatise the modification that Buddhism brought in him, and therefore, exaggerate Ashoka's past wickedness and his piousness when the conversion. Ascending the throne, Ashoka expanded his empire over the next eight years, from the gift-day boundaries province within the East to Balochistan within the West; from the Pamir Knot in Asian nation in the north to the ground of southern Asian country apart from present day province and Kerala that were dominated by Ashoka.

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Chandragupta Maurya and Chanakya

Chandragupta Maurya and Chanakya

The Maurya Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya, with help from Chanakya, a Brahmin teacher at Takshashila. According to several legends, Chanakya traveled to Magadha, a kingdom that was large and militarily powerful and feared by its neighbors, but was affronted by its king Dhana Nanda, of the Nanda Dynasty. Chanakya swore revenge and vowed to destroy the Nanda Empire.  Meanwhile, the conquering armies of Alexander the nice refused to cross the Beas watercourse and advance any eastward, deterred by the prospect of battling Magadha. Alexander returned to Babylon and re-deployed most of his troops west of the Indus watercourse. Soon when Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BCE, his empire fragmented, and local kings declared their independence, leaving many smaller split satraps. The Greek generals Eudemus, and Peithon, ruled till around 317 BCE, when Chandragupta Maurya (with the facilitate of Chanakya, who was currently his advisor) completely defeated the Macedonians and consolidated the region underneath the management of his new seat of power in Magadha.

Chandragupta Maurya's rise to power is shrouded in mystery and controversy. On one hand, a number of ancient Indian accounts, such as the drama Mudrarakshasa (Poem of Rakshasa – Rakshasa was the prime minister of Magadha) by Visakhadatta, describe his royal ancestry and even link him with the Nanda family. A kshatriya social group renowned as the Maurya's square measure remarked within the earliest Buddhist texts, Mahaparinibbana Sutta. However, any conclusions are laborious to build while not any historical proof. Chandragupta first emerges in Greek accounts as "Sandrokottos". As a young man he is said to possess met Alexander.  He is also aforementioned to possess met the Nanda king, angered him, and made a slim escape. Chanakya's original intentions were to train a guerilla army under Chandragupta's command. The Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadutta as well because the Jaina work Parisishtaparvan verbalise Chandragupta's alliance with the Himalayan king Parvatka, sometimes known with Porus
.
Chanakya encouraged Chandragupta Maurya and his army to take over the throne of Magadha. Using his intelligence network, Chandragupta gathered many young men from across Magadha and alternative provinces, men upset over the corrupt and oppressive rule of king Dhana, plus the resources necessary for his army to fight a long series of battles. These men included the former general of Taxila, accomplished students of Chanakya, the representative of King Porus of Kakayee, his son Malayketu, and the rulers of small states.

Preparing to invade Pataliputra, Maurya came up with a strategy. A battle was announced and the Magadhan army was drawn from the town to a remote parcel to interact with Maurya's forces. Maurya's general and spies meanwhile bribed the corrupt general of Nanda. He also managed to produce an environment of warfare within the kingdom, which culminated in the death of the heir to the throne. Chanakya managed to win over popular sentiment. Ultimately Nanda resigned, handing power to Chandragupta, and went into exile and was never detected of once more. Chanakya contacted the prime minister, Rakshasas, and made him perceive that his loyalty was to Magadha, not to the Nanda dynasty, insisting that he continue in workplace. Chanakya also reiterated that selecting to resist would begin a war that would severely have an effect on Magadha and destroy the town. Rakshasa accepted Chanakya's reasoning, and Chandragupta Maurya was legitimately put in as the new King of Magadha. Rakshasa became Chandragupta's chief advisor, and Chanakya assumed the position of an elder pol.

Chandragupta campaigned against the Macedonians when general I Nicator, in the process of making the Seleucid Empire out of the japanese conquests of Alexander the good, tried to reconquer the northwestern components of Republic of India in 305 BCE. Seleucus unsuccessful (Seleucid–Mauryan war), the two rulers finally terminated a peace pact: a matrimonial treaty (Epigamia) was terminated, in which the Greeks offered their aristocrat for alliance and facilitate from him. Chandragupta snatched the satrapies of Paropamisade (Kamboja and Gandhara), Arachosia (Kandhahar) and Gedrosia (Balochistan), and Seleucus I received five hundred war elephants that were to own a decisive role in his ending against western principle kings at the Battle of pitched battle in 301 BCE. Diplomatic relations were established and several Greeks, such as the historian Megasthenes, Deimakos and Dionysius resided at the Mauryan court.

Chandragupta established a strong centralized state with associate administration at Pataliputra, which, according to Megasthenes, was "surrounded by a wooden wall perforated by sixty four gates and 570 towers— (and) rivaled the splendors of contemporaneous Persian sites such as Sousse and Ecbatana." Chandragupta's son Bindusara extended the rule of the Mauryan empire towards southern India. The famous Tamil author Mamulanar of the Sangam literature delineated  however the Deccan highland was invaded by the Maurya army. He also had a Greek ambassador at his court, named Deimachus Strabo.

Megasthenes describes a disciplined multitude under Chandragupta, who live merely, honestly, and do not know writing:

    "The Indians all live frugally, especially once in camp. They dislike a great undisciplined multitude, and consequently they observe good order. Theft is of terribly rare prevalence. Megasthenes says that those who were within the camp of Sandrakottos, wherein lay four hundred,000 men, found that the thefts reported on any one day didn't exceed the worth of 2 hundred drachmae, and this among a people United Nations agency don't have any written laws, but square measure ignorant of writing, and must so in all the business of life trust to memory. They live, nevertheless, happily enough, being simple in their manners and thrifty. They never drink wine except at sacrifices. Their beverage is a liquor composed from rice rather than barley, and their food is principally a rice-pottage."

 

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B. R. Ambedkar

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar   popularly called Babasaheb, was associate Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer World Health Organization galvanized the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination against Untouchables (Dalits), whereas additionally supporting the rights of girls and labour. He was freelance India's 1st law minister and therefore the principal creator of the Constitution of India. Ambedkar was a prolific student, earning a academic degree and numerous doctorates from Columbia University and therefore the London faculty of political economy, and gained a name as a scholar for his analysis in law, political economy and government. In his early career he was associate social scientist, professor, and lawyer. His later life was marked by his political activities; he became concerned in crusade and negotiations for India's independence, business journals advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits, and causative considerably to the institution of the state of India. In 1956 he born-again to Buddhism, initiating mass conversions of Dalits.

In 1990, the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar. Ambedkar's legacy includes numerous memorials and depictions in popular culture.

 Ambedkar was born on fourteen April 1891 within the city and military camp of Mhow within the Central Provinces (now in Madhya Pradesh). He was the ordinal and last kid of Ramji Maloji Sakpal, a hierarchic military officer at the post of Subedar and Bhimabai Murbadkar Sakpal.  His family was of Marathi background from the city of Ambavade (Mandangad taluka) in Ratnagiri district of contemporary geographical region. Ambedkar was born into a poor low Mahar (dalit) caste, United Nations agency were treated as untouchables and subjected to socio-economic discrimination.  Ambedkar's ancestors had long worked for the military of British East India Company, and his father served within the British Indian Army at the Mhow camp. though they attended college, Ambedkar and alternative untouchable kids were unintegrated and given very little attention or facilitate by academics. They weren't allowed to sit down within the category. after they required to drink water, somebody from a better caste had to pour that water from a height as they weren't allowed to the touch either the water or the vessel that contained it. This task was typically performed for the young Ambedkar by the varsity manual laborer, and if the manual laborer wasn't obtainable then he had to travel while not water; matters he later in his writings represented as "No manual laborer, No Water".  He was needed to sit down on a burlap sack that he had to require home with him. Ramji Sakpal retired in 1894 and also the family moved  to Satara 2 years later. Shortly when their move, Ambedkar's mother died. the kids were cared for by their paternal aunty, and lived in troublesome circumstances. 3 sons – Balaram, Anandrao and Bhimrao – and 2 daughters – Manjula and Tulasa – of the Ambedkars would maintain to survive them. Of his brothers and sisters, solely Ambedkar passed his examinations and graduated to highschool. His original cognomen Ambavadekar comes from his native village 'Ambavade' in Ratnagiri district.[25] His Brahmin teacher, Mahadev Ambedkar, United Nations agency was keen on him, modified his cognomen from 'Ambavadekar' to his own cognomen 'Ambedkar' at school records.

Higher education

London School of Economics

Economics, Columbia University

Postgraduation in Economics, Columbia University

Degree in Economics and Political science

Matriculation 

 

 

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Chacha Nehru

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru - First Prime Minister of Independent India.

 

Jawaharlal Nehru was the primary Prime Minister of Asian nation and a central figure in Indian politics before and when independence. He emerged because the preponderant leader of the Asian nationn independence movement underneath the tutelage of spiritual leader associated dominated India from its institution as an freelance nation in 1947 till his death in 1964. he's thought-about to be the designer of the fashionable Indian nation-state: a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic. He was conjointly referred to as Pandit national leader because of his roots with Kashmiri Pandit community whereas several Indian youngsters knew him as "Uncle Nehru" (Chacha Nehru).

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on fourteen November 1889 in Allahabad in British Republic of India. His father, Motilal Nehru , a loaded attorney United Nations agency belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, served double as President of the Indian National Congress throughout the Independence Struggle. His mother, Swaruprani Thussu , United Nations agency came from a widely known Kashmiri Brahmin family settled in urban center, was Motilal's second spouse, the primary having died in kid birth. Jawaharlal was the eldest of 3 youngsters, 2 of whom were ladies. The elder sister, Vijaya Hindu deity, later became the primary feminine president of the UN General Assembly. The youngest sister, Krishna Hutheesing, became a noted author and authored many books on her brother.

 Nehru had developed associate interest in Indian politics throughout his time in UK. inside months of his come back to Asian country in 1912 he had attended associate annual session of the Indian National Congress in Patna. He was discombobulated with what he saw as a "very abundant associate English-knowing class affair". The Congress in 1912 had been the party of moderates and elites. national leader harboured doubts relating to the ineffectuality of the Congress however united to figure for the party in support of the Indian civil rights movement in African nation. He collected funds for the civil rights campaigners semiconductor diode by Mohandas Gandhi in 1913. Later, he campaigned against the apprenticed labour and alternative such discriminations moon-faced by Indians within the British colonies.

Once nonappointive, national leader headed associate interim government, that was impaired by outbreaks of communal violence and political disorder, and also the opposition of the Muslim League crystal rectifier by Muhammad Ali national leader, who were stringent a separate Muslim state of Asian country. when unsuccessful bids to make coalitions, national leader reluctantly supported the partition of Asian country, in line with a thought discharged by nation on three Gregorian calendar month 1947. He took workplace because the Prime Minister of Asian country on fifteen August, and delivered his inaugural titled "Tryst with Destiny".

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Rajendra Prasad - First President of India

Rajendra Prasad was the 1st President of the Republic of India. in 26 January 1950 to 14 May 1962 associate degree Indian pol, professional by coaching, Prasad joined the Indian National Congress throughout the Indian independence movement and have become a serious leader from the region of Bihar.

 

Rajendra Prasad was a Kayastha Hindu and born in Zeradai, within the Jewish calendar month district of province . His father Mahadev Sahai, was a scholar of each the Sanskrit and Persian languages, whereas his mother, Kamleshwari Devi, was a spiritual lady who would tell stories from the Ramayana to her son. An Indian politico, professional by coaching, Prasad joined the Indian National Congress throughout the Indian independence movement and have become a significant leader from the region of province. A supporter of nationalist leader, Prasad was unfree by British authorities throughout the Salt nonviolent resistance of 1931 and therefore the Quit Bharat movement of 1942. Prasad served one term as President of the Indian National Congress from 1934 to 1935. when the 1946 elections, Prasad served as minister of food and agriculture within the central government. Upon independence in 1947, Prasad was electoral president of the Constituent Assembly of Bharat, that ready the Constitution of Bharat and served as its tentative parliament.
 

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on fifteen Gregorian calendar month 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family within the journey centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then within the Madras Presidency and currently within the State of Tamil Nadu.
His father Jainulabudeen was a ship owner and Muslim of an area mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a homemaker.His father owned  a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and also the currently depopulated Dhanushkodi. Kalam was the youngest of 4 brothers and one sister in his family.His ancestors had been rich traders and landowners, with varied properties and huge tracts of land. Their business had concerned mercantilism groceries between the ground and also the island and to and from state, likewise as transportation pilgrims between the ground and Pamban. As a result, the family nonheritable the title of  "Mara Kalam iyakkivar" (wooden boat steerers), that over the years became shortened to "Marakier." With the gap of the Pamban Bridge to the ground in 1914, however, the companies unsuccessful and also the family fortune and properties were lost over time, except for the ancestral home. By his babyhood, Kalam's family had become poor; at AN early age, he sold  newspapers to supplement his family's financial gain.
In his faculty years, Kalam had average grades however was delineate as a bright and tireless student WHO had a powerful need to find out. He spent hours on his studies, particularly arithmetic.After finishing his education at the Schwartz Higher Gymnasium, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph's faculty, Tiruchirappalli, then attached with the University of Madras, from wherever he graduated in physics in 1954. He moved  to Madras in 1955 to review part engineering in Madras Institute of Technology. whereas Kalam was engaged on a year project, the Dean was discontent along with his lack of progress and vulnerable to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished inside consequent 3 days. Kalam met the point, impressing the Dean, WHO later same to him, "I was putt you below stress and asking you to fulfill a troublesome deadline". He narrowly uncomprehensible achieving his dream of changing into a combat pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and solely eight positions were out there within the IAF.

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Swami Vivekanand

Swami Vivekananda:  12 January 1863 – four July 1902, born Narendranath Dutta , was an Indian Hindu monk, a chief follower of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna. He was a key figure in the introduction of the Indian philosophies of Hinduism and Yoga to the Western world and is attributable with raising religious awareness, delivery Hinduism to the standing of a serious world faith throughout the late 19th century. He was a serious force within the revival of Hinduism in Asian country, and contributed to the conception of
nationalism in colonial Asian country. Vivekananda supported the Ramakrishna scientific discipline and therefore the Ramakrishna Mission. He is maybe best illustrious for his speech that began, "Brothers and sisters of America ...," within which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893.

Born into associate degree gentle Bengali family of Kolkata, Vivekananda was inclined towards spirituality. He was influenced by his Guru, Ramakrishna Deva, from whom he learnt that each one living beings were associate degree embodiment of the divine self; so, service to God might be rendered by service to human race. when Ramakrishna's death, Vivekananda toured the Indian landmass extensively and purchased first-hand data of the conditions prevailing in British India. He later cosmopolitan to the us, representing India at the 1893 Parliament of the globe Religions. Vivekananda conducted many public and personal lectures and categories, distributive tenets of Hindu philosophy within the us, European nation and Europe. In India, Vivekananda is thought to be a jingoistic saint and his birthday is widely known there as National Youth Day.

 

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